Anwendungs-bezogene Sicherheit

SCONE bietet anwendungsorientierte Sicherheit. So können selbst in nicht vertrauenswürdigen Umgebungen Vertraulichkeit und die Integrität der Anwendung garantiert werden. In nicht vertrauenswürdigen Umgebungen muss ein Schutz gegen Angreifer gewährleistet sein, die Root-Access erlangt haben und auf diese Weise Anwendungsdaten lesen oder modifizieren können.

SCONE unterstützt selbstredend moderne Cloud-native Anwendungen, die sich aus mehreren Microservices zusammensetzen. Unsere generelle Empfehlung ist, jeden Microservice in einer Intel SGX Enklave laufen zu lassen. SCONE schützt eine Anwendung vor Angriffen über das Betriebssystem, anderen Anwendungen sowie internen APIs der Anwendung. In vielen Fällen müssen Microservices lediglich mit unseren SCONE Crosscompilern rekompiliert werden.

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Intel SGX Enklaven

Intel SGX Enklaven werden bei SCONE zum Schutz von Anwendungskomponenten genutzt.

SCONE ermöglicht Entwicklern die Ausführung ihrer Anwendungen innerhalb sicherer SGX-Enklaven. SGX-Enklaven schützen Daten vor dem Zugriff jeglicher anderer Software - auch dem Betriebssystem. Die Anwendungsdaten sind im Besonderen auch gegen Angreifer mit Root-Access geschützt. Ein Root-User ist nicht in der Lage den Hauptspeicher einer Anwendung zu löschen, um Zugriff auf alle Schlüssel zu erhalten. In vielen Fällen sind Konfigurationsdateien lediglich durch das File-System geschützt. Ein Root-User könnte diese, sowie alle möglicherweise enthaltenen Geheimnisse lesen. Mithilfe von SCONE können diese Konfigurationsdateien verschlüsselt werden und sind somit geschützt.

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SCONE Cross-Compiler-Support

SCONE unterstützt Cross-Compiler für C, C++, Rust, Go und Fortran.

SCONE unterstützt diverse Programmiersprachen. Wir bieten verschiedene Base-Container-Images an, welche von DockerHub heruntergeladen werden können. Diese Images erlauben die Erstellung neuer Container Images anhand von Docker-Files. Im Falle komplexerer Builds werden makefiles verwendet. Wir stellen einige Beispiele in unserem SCONE Tutorial bereit.

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SCONE Docker-Integration

SCONE unterstützt den Docker-Workflow, um Andwendungen zu erstellen.

Mit SCONE können Anwendungen vergleichbar wie mit Docker entwickelt und ausgeführt werden, jedoch werden mit SCONE Microservices innerhalb von sicheren Containern ausführen. Entwickler können benutzerdefinierte Microservices erstellen und diese mit üblichen Secure-Container-Images (Curated Images), die von DockerHub heruntergeladen werden können. Wir stellen einige Beispiele in unserem SCONE Tutorial bereit.

SCONE hilft die Vertraulichkeit sowie die Integrität einer Anwendung zu gewährleisten. Ein Container-Cluster - aktuell Docker Swarm - garantiert für die Verfügbarkeit. Nicht vertrauenswürdig sind die Docker Engines des Swarms. Auf diese Weise kann die Sicherheit einer Anwendung von der des Docker Swarms entkoppelt werden. Der Docker Swarm kann auf physischen Hosts (MaaS), oder auf virtuellen Maschinen (IaaS) ausgeführt werden.

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SCONE Shielding

SCONE unterstützt transparente Verschlüsselung von Dateien, Netzwerk-Traffic und stdin/stdout.

Legacy-Services wie memcached wurden zur Ausführung in vertraulichen Umgebungen erstellt. Daher wird TLS bislang nicht unterstützt. SCONE bietet transparente Verschlüsselung von Netzwerk-Traffic; dazu kann der Netzwerk-Schutz als Teil des Stack/Compose-Files genutzt werden.

Während manche Anwendungen (wie MySQL) einige ihrer Daten verschlüsseln können, bieten die meisten Anwendungen keine Datenverschlüsselung an. Aus diesem Grund stellen wir in SCONE einen Mechanismus zur Verfügung, um Daten transparent zu verschlüsseln. Dieser Mechanismus wird über das Stack/Compose-File einer Anwendung aktiviert.

Weiterhin bieten wir einen Mechanismus, um stdin, stdout and stderr transparent zu verschlüsseln. Auch dieser wird über das Stack/Compose-File der Anwendung aktiviert.

Einige Anwendungen beziehen ihre Geheimnisse über Umgebungsvariablen oder Kommandozeilen-Argumente. SCONE gewährleistet mit dem SCONE Konfigurations- und Attestierungs-Service einen sicheren Transfer der Umgebungsvariablen und Kommandozeilenargumente.

Wir stellen einige Beispiele in unserem SCONE Tutorial bereit.

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SCONE Curated Images

SCONE unterstützt eine Reihe von Curated Container Images.

SCONE unterstützt einige Curated Images und erleichtert so die Aufgaben des Entwicklers. Für die meisten Standard-Services wird ein SCONE-Image zur Verfügung stehen, das in einer SGX-Enklave ausgeführt wird. Das Image kann vom Entwickler über das Docker Compose/Stack-File angepasst werden.

Wir stellen einige Beispiele in unserem SCONE Tutorial bereit.

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SCONE Documentation Docker Container

For offline viewing, we maintain a container image serving the SCONE technical documentation.

To serve the SCONE technical documentation running in a local container, first, ensure that you have Docker running. Second, you can view the documentation by executing the following commands:

docker pull sconecuratedimages/sconedocu
                                    docker run -d -p 8080:80  sconecuratedimages/sconedocu
                                    open http://127.0.0.1:8080
                                    

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Paper zu SCONE

Folgende wissenschaftliche Paper beschreiben einige technische Aspekte von SCONE. The following papers describe some of the technical aspects of SCONE.

SCONE: Secure Linux Containers with Intel SGX, USENIX, OSDI 2016

This paper describes how we support unmodified applications inside of enclaves. The focus is on our asynchronous system call interface.

Authors: Sergei Arnautov, Bohdan Trach, Franz Gregor, Thomas Knauth, André Martin, Christian Priebe, Joshua Lind, Divya Muthukumaran, Daniel O'Keeffe, Mark L Stillwell, David Goltzsche, Dave Eyers, Rüdiger Kapitza, Peter Pietzuch, Christof Fetzer

Media: pdf, slides audio

Abstract: In multi-tenant environments, Linux containers managed by Docker or Kubernetes have a lower resource footprint, faster startup times, and higher I/O performance compared to virtual machines (VMs) on hypervisors. Yet their weaker isolation guarantees, enforced through software kernel mechanisms, make it easier for attackers to compromise the confidentiality and integrity of application data within containers. We describe SCONE, a secure container mechanism for Docker that uses the SGX trusted execution support of Intel CPUs to protect container processes from outside attacks. The design of SCONE leads to (i) a small trusted computing base (TCB) and (ii) a low performance overhead: SCONE offers a secure C standard library interface that transparently encrypts/decrypts I/O data; to reduce the performance impact of thread synchronization and system calls within SGX enclaves, SCONE supports user-level threading and asynchronous system calls. Our evaluation shows that it protects unmodified applications with SGX, achieving 0.6x–1.2x of native throughput.

SGXBounds: Memory Safety for Shielded Execution, EuroSys 2017

To protect the code running inside of an enclave, we implemented a novel bounds checker for enclaves. While we had expected to just be able to use MPX, we had to realized that MPX does not perform that well inside of enclaves. For details regarding the overheads, please see this paper. This won the best paper award of EuroSys 2017.

Authors: D. Kuvaiskii, O. Oleksenko, S. Arnautov, B. Trach, P. Bhatotia, P. Felber, C. Fetzer

Media: pdf

Abstract: Shielded execution based on Intel SGX provides strong security guarantees for legacy applications running on untrusted platforms. However, memory safety attacks such as Heartbleed can render the confidentiality and integrity properties of shielded execution completely ineffective. To prevent these attacks, the state-of-the-art memory-safety approaches can be used in the context of shielded execution. In this work, we first showcase that two prominent software- and hardware-based defenses, AddressSanitizer and Intel MPX respectively, are impractical for shielded execution due to high performance and memory overheads. This motivated our design of SGXBounds -- an efficient memory-safety approach for shielded execution exploiting the architectural features of Intel SGX. Our design is based on a simple combination of tagged pointers and compact memory layout. We implemented SGXBounds based on the LLVM compiler framework targeting unmodified multithreaded applications. Our evaluation using Phoenix, PARSEC, and RIPE benchmark suites shows that SGXBounds has performance and memory overheads of 18% and 0.1% respectively, while providing security guarantees similar to AddressSanitizer and Intel MPX. We have obtained similar results with four real-world case studies: SQLite, Memcached, Apache, and Nginx.

FFQ: A Fast Single-Producer/Multiple-Consumer Concurrent FIFO Queue, IPDPS 2017

This paper describes our new lock-free queue for our asynchronous system calls.

Authors: Sergei Arnautov, Pascal Felber, Christof Fetzer and Bohdan Trach

Media: pdf

Abstract: With the spreading of multi-core architectures, operating systems and applications are becoming increasingly more concurrent and their scalability is often limited by the primitives used to synchronize the different hardware threads. In this paper, we address the problem of how to optimize the throughput of a system with multiple producer and consumer threads. Such applications typically synchronize their threads via multi- producer/multi-consumer FIFO queues, but existing solutions have poor scalability, as we could observe when designing a secure application framework that requires high-throughput communication between many concurrent threads. In our target system, however, the items enqueued by different producers do not necessarily need to be FIFO ordered. Hence, we propose a fast FIFO queue, FFQ, that aims at maximizing throughput by specializing the algorithm for single-producer/multiple-consumer settings: each producer has its own queue from which multiple consumers can concurrently dequeue. Furthermore, while we pro- vide a wait-free interface for producers, we limit ourselves to lock-free consumers to eliminate the need for helping. We also propose a multi-producer variant to show which synchronization operations we were able to remove by focusing on a single producer variant. Our evaluation analyses the performance using micro- benchmarks and compares our results with other state-of-the-art solutions: FFQ exhibits excellent performance and scalability.

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Legal Notice

Company Information

Information in accordance with Section 5 TMG
Scontain GmbH
Lotzestraße 11
01187 Dresden

Represented by

Dr. Karin Fetzer

Contact Information

Telephone: +49 351 / 2109 1670
Fax: +49 351 / 2109 1671
E-mail: info@scontain.com
Internet adress: https://scontain.com/

Register Entry

Entry in: Handelsregister
Register Number: HBR 36914
Register Court: Amtsgericht Dresden
VAT identification number in accordance with Section 27 a of the German VAT act:
USt-ID: DE313535871

US Distributor

CLOUD & HEAT TECHNOLOGIES US INC.
Corporate Trust Center
1209 Orange Street
Delaware 19801
Email: scone-us@cloudandheat.com

Limitation of liability for internal content

The content of our website has been compiled with meticulous care and to the best of our knowledge. However, we cannot assume any liability for the up-to-dateness, completeness or accuracy of any of the pages.

Pursuant to section 7, para. 1 of the TMG (Telemediengesetz – Tele Media Act by German law), we as service providers are liable for our own content on these pages in accordance with general laws. However, pursuant to sections 8 to 10 of the TMG, we as service providers are not under obligation to monitor external information provided or stored on our website. Once we have become aware of a specific infringement of the law, we will immediately remove the content in question. Any liability concerning this matter can only be assumed from the point in time at which the infringement becomes known to us.

Limitation of liability for external links

Our website contains links to the websites of third parties („external links“). As the content of these websites is not under our control, we cannot assume any liability for such external content. In all cases, the provider of information of the linked websites is liable for the content and accuracy of the information provided. At the point in time when the links were placed, no infringements of the law were recognizable to us. As soon as an infringement of the law becomes known to us, we will immediately remove the link in question.

Copyright

The content and works published on this website are governed by the copyright laws of Germany. Any duplication, processing, distribution or any form of utilization beyond the scope of copyright law shall require the prior written consent of the author or authors in question.

Data protection

A visit to our website can result in the storage on our server of information about the access (date, time, page accessed). This does not represent any analysis of personal data (e.g., name, address or e-mail address). If personal data are collected, this only occurs – to the extent possible – with the prior consent of the user of the website. Any forwarding of the data to third parties without the express consent of the user shall not take place.

We would like to expressly point out that the transmission of data via the Internet (e.g., by e-mail) can offer security vulnerabilities. It is therefore impossible to safeguard the data completely against access by third parties. We cannot assume any liability for damages arising as a result of such security vulnerabilities.

The use by third parties of all published contact details for the purpose of advertising is expressly excluded. We reserve the right to take legal steps in the case of the unsolicited sending of advertising information; e.g., by means of spam mail.

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Privacy policy

Privacy Policy

We are very delighted that you have shown interest in our enterprise. Data protection is of a particularly high priority for the management of the Scontain GmbH. The use of the Internet pages of the Scontain GmbH is possible without any indication of personal data; however, if a data subject wants to use special enterprise services via our website, processing of personal data could become necessary. If the processing of personal data is necessary and there is no statutory basis for such processing, we generally obtain consent from the data subject.

The processing of personal data, such as the name, address, e-mail address, or telephone number of a data subject shall always be in line with the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), and in accordance with the country-specific data protection regulations applicable to the Scontain GmbH. By means of this data protection declaration, our enterprise would like to inform the general public of the nature, scope, and purpose of the personal data we collect, use and process. Furthermore, data subjects are informed, by means of this data protection declaration, of the rights to which they are entitled.

As the controller, the Scontain GmbH has implemented numerous technical and organizational measures to ensure the most complete protection of personal data processed through this website. However, Internet-based data transmissions may in principle have security gaps, so absolute protection may not be guaranteed. For this reason, every data subject is free to transfer personal data to us via alternative means, e.g. by telephone.

1. Definitions

The data protection declaration of the Scontain GmbH is based on the terms used by the European legislator for the adoption of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). Our data protection declaration should be legible and understandable for the general public, as well as our customers and business partners. To ensure this, we would like to first explain the terminology used.

In this data protection declaration, we use, inter alia, the following terms:

• a) Personal data

  Personal data means any information relating to an identified or identifiable natural person (“data subject”). An identifiable natural person is one who can be identified, directly or indirectly, in particular by reference to an identifier such as a name, an identification number, location data, an online identifier or to one or more factors specific to the physical, physiological, genetic, mental, economic, cultural or social identity of that natural person.

• b) Data subject

  Data subject is any identified or identifiable natural person, whose personal data is processed by the controller responsible for the processing.

• c) Processing

  Processing is any operation or set of operations which is performed on personal data or on sets of personal data, whether or not by automated means, such as collection, recording, organisation, structuring, storage, adaptation or alteration, retrieval, consultation, use, disclosure by transmission, dissemination or otherwise making available, alignment or combination, restriction, erasure or destruction.

• d) Restriction of processing

  Restriction of processing is the marking of stored personal data with the aim of limiting their processing in the future.

• e) Profiling

  Profiling means any form of automated processing of personal data consisting of the use of personal data to evaluate certain personal aspects relating to a natural person, in particular to analyse or predict aspects concerning that natural person's performance at work, economic situation, health, personal preferences, interests, reliability, behaviour, location or movements.

• f) Pseudonymisation

  Pseudonymisation is the processing of personal data in such a manner that the personal data can no longer be attributed to a specific data subject without the use of additional information, provided that such additional information is kept separately and is subject to technical and organisational measures to ensure that the personal data are not attributed to an identified or identifiable natural person.

• g) Controller or controller responsible for the processing

  Controller or controller responsible for the processing is the natural or legal person, public authority, agency or other body which, alone or jointly with others, determines the purposes and means of the processing of personal data; where the purposes and means of such processing are determined by Union or Member State law, the controller or the specific criteria for its nomination may be provided for by Union or Member State law.

• h) Processor

  Processor is a natural or legal person, public authority, agency or other body which processes personal data on behalf of the controller.

• i) Recipient

  Recipient is a natural or legal person, public authority, agency or another body, to which the personal data are disclosed, whether a third party or not. However, public authorities which may receive personal data in the framework of a particular inquiry in accordance with Union or Member State law shall not be regarded as recipients; the processing of those data by those public authorities shall be in compliance with the applicable data protection rules according to the purposes of the processing.

• j) Third party

  Third party is a natural or legal person, public authority, agency or body other than the data subject, controller, processor and persons who, under the direct authority of the controller or processor, are authorised to process personal data.

• k) Consent

  Consent of the data subject is any freely given, specific, informed and unambiguous indication of the data subject's wishes by which he or she, by a statement or by a clear affirmative action, signifies agreement to the processing of personal data relating to him or her.

2. Name and Address of the controller

Controller for the purposes of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), other data protection laws applicable in Member states of the European Union and other provisions related to data protection is:

Scontain GmbH
Zeitenströmung Building 30 Königsbrücker Straße 96
01099 Dresden
Germany
Email: christof.fetzer@scontain.com
Website: https://sconecontainers.github.io/

3. Collection of general data and information

The website of the Scontain GmbH collects a series of general data and information when a data subject or automated system calls up the website. This general data and information are stored in the server log files. Collected may be (1) the browser types and versions used, (2) the operating system used by the accessing system, (3) the website from which an accessing system reaches our website (so-called referrers), (4) the sub-websites, (5) the date and time of access to the Internet site, (6) an Internet protocol address (IP address), (7) the Internet service provider of the accessing system, and (8) any other similar data and information that may be used in the event of attacks on our information technology systems.

When using these general data and information, the Scontain GmbH does not draw any conclusions about the data subject. Rather, this information is needed to (1) deliver the content of our website correctly, (2) optimize the content of our website as well as its advertisement, (3) ensure the long-term viability of our information technology systems and website technology, and (4) provide law enforcement authorities with the information necessary for criminal prosecution in case of a cyber-attack. Therefore, the Scontain GmbH analyzes anonymously collected data and information statistically, with the aim of increasing the data protection and data security of our enterprise, and to ensure an optimal level of protection for the personal data we process. The anonymous data of the server log files are stored separately from all personal data provided by a data subject.

4. Contact possibility via the website

The website of the Scontain GmbH contains information that enables a quick electronic contact to our enterprise, as well as direct communication with us, which also includes a general address of the so-called electronic mail (e-mail address). If a data subject contacts the controller by e-mail or via a contact form, the personal data transmitted by the data subject are automatically stored. Such personal data transmitted on a voluntary basis by a data subject to the data controller are stored for the purpose of processing or contacting the data subject. There is no transfer of this personal data to third parties.

5. Routine erasure and blocking of personal data

The data controller shall process and store the personal data of the data subject only for the period necessary to achieve the purpose of storage, or as far as this is granted by the European legislator or other legislators in laws or regulations to which the controller is subject to.

If the storage purpose is not applicable, or if a storage period prescribed by the European legislator or another competent legislator expires, the personal data are routinely blocked or erased in accordance with legal requirements.

6. Rights of the data subject

• a) Right of confirmation

  Each data subject shall have the right granted by the European legislator to obtain from the controller the confirmation as to whether or not personal data concerning him or her are being processed. If a data subject wishes to avail himself of this right of confirmation, he or she may, at any time, contact any employee of the controller.

• b) Right of access

  Each data subject shall have the right granted by the European legislator to obtain from the controller free information about his or her personal data stored at any time and a copy of this information. Furthermore, the European directives and regulations grant the data subject access to the following information:

  • the purposes of the processing;
  • the categories of personal data concerned;
  • the recipients or categories of recipients to whom the personal data have been or will be disclosed, in particular recipients in third countries or international organisations;
  • where possible, the envisaged period for which the personal data will be stored, or, if not possible, the criteria used to determine that period;
  • the existence of the right to request from the controller rectification or erasure of personal data, or restriction of processing of personal data concerning the data subject, or to object to such processing;
  • the existence of the right to lodge a complaint with a supervisory authority;
  • where the personal data are not collected from the data subject, any available information as to their source;
  • the existence of automated decision-making, including profiling, referred to in Article 22(1) and (4) of the GDPR and, at least in those cases, meaningful information about the logic involved, as well as the significance and envisaged consequences of such processing for the data subject.

  Furthermore, the data subject shall have a right to obtain information as to whether personal data are transferred to a third country or to an international organisation. Where this is the case, the data subject shall have the right to be informed of the appropriate safeguards relating to the transfer.

  If a data subject wishes to avail himself of this right of access, he or she may, at any time, contact any employee of the controller.

• c) Right to rectification

  Each data subject shall have the right granted by the European legislator to obtain from the controller without undue delay the rectification of inaccurate personal data concerning him or her. Taking into account the purposes of the processing, the data subject shall have the right to have incomplete personal data completed, including by means of providing a supplementary statement.

  If a data subject wishes to exercise this right to rectification, he or she may, at any time, contact any employee of the controller.

• d) Right to erasure (Right to be forgotten)

  Each data subject shall have the right granted by the European legislator to obtain from the controller the erasure of personal data concerning him or her without undue delay, and the controller shall have the obligation to erase personal data without undue delay where one of the following grounds applies, as long as the processing is not necessary:

  • The personal data are no longer necessary in relation to the purposes for which they were collected or otherwise processed.
  • The data subject withdraws consent to which the processing is based according to point (a) of Article 6(1) of the GDPR, or point (a) of Article 9(2) of the GDPR, and where there is no other legal ground for the processing.
  • The data subject objects to the processing pursuant to Article 21(1) of the GDPR and there are no overriding legitimate grounds for the processing, or the data subject objects to the processing pursuant to Article 21(2) of the GDPR.
  • The personal data have been unlawfully processed.
  • The personal data must be erased for compliance with a legal obligation in Union or Member State law to which the controller is subject.
  • The personal data have been collected in relation to the offer of information society services referred to in Article 8(1) of the GDPR.

  If one of the aforementioned reasons applies, and a data subject wishes to request the erasure of personal data stored by the Scontain GmbH, he or she may, at any time, contact any employee of the controller. An employee of Scontain GmbH shall promptly ensure that the erasure request is complied with immediately.

  Where the controller has made personal data public and is obliged pursuant to Article 17(1) to erase the personal data, the controller, taking account of available technology and the cost of implementation, shall take reasonable steps, including technical measures, to inform other controllers processing the personal data that the data subject has requested erasure by such controllers of any links to, or copy or replication of, those personal data, as far as processing is not required. An employees of the Scontain GmbH will arrange the necessary measures in individual cases.

• e) Right of restriction of processing

  Each data subject shall have the right granted by the European legislator to obtain from the controller restriction of processing where one of the following applies:

  • The accuracy of the personal data is contested by the data subject, for a period enabling the controller to verify the accuracy of the personal data.
  • The processing is unlawful and the data subject opposes the erasure of the personal data and requests instead the restriction of their use instead.
  • The controller no longer needs the personal data for the purposes of the processing, but they are required by the data subject for the establishment, exercise or defence of legal claims.
  • The data subject has objected to processing pursuant to Article 21(1) of the GDPR pending the verification whether the legitimate grounds of the controller override those of the data subject.

  If one of the aforementioned conditions is met, and a data subject wishes to request the restriction of the processing of personal data stored by the Scontain GmbH, he or she may at any time contact any employee of the controller. The employee of the Scontain GmbH will arrange the restriction of the processing.

• f) Right to data portability

  Each data subject shall have the right granted by the European legislator, to receive the personal data concerning him or her, which was provided to a controller, in a structured, commonly used and machine-readable format. He or she shall have the right to transmit those data to another controller without hindrance from the controller to which the personal data have been provided, as long as the processing is based on consent pursuant to point (a) of Article 6(1) of the GDPR or point (a) of Article 9(2) of the GDPR, or on a contract pursuant to point (b) of Article 6(1) of the GDPR, and the processing is carried out by automated means, as long as the processing is not necessary for the performance of a task carried out in the public interest or in the exercise of official authority vested in the controller.

  Furthermore, in exercising his or her right to data portability pursuant to Article 20(1) of the GDPR, the data subject shall have the right to have personal data transmitted directly from one controller to another, where technically feasible and when doing so does not adversely affect the rights and freedoms of others.

  In order to assert the right to data portability, the data subject may at any time contact any employee of the Scontain GmbH.

• g) Right to object

  Each data subject shall have the right granted by the European legislator to object, on grounds relating to his or her particular situation, at any time, to processing of personal data concerning him or her, which is based on point (e) or (f) of Article 6(1) of the GDPR. This also applies to profiling based on these provisions.

  The Scontain GmbH shall no longer process the personal data in the event of the objection, unless we can demonstrate compelling legitimate grounds for the processing which override the interests, rights and freedoms of the data subject, or for the establishment, exercise or defence of legal claims.

  If the Scontain GmbH processes personal data for direct marketing purposes, the data subject shall have the right to object at any time to processing of personal data concerning him or her for such marketing. This applies to profiling to the extent that it is related to such direct marketing. If the data subject objects to the Scontain GmbH to the processing for direct marketing purposes, the Scontain GmbH will no longer process the personal data for these purposes.

  In addition, the data subject has the right, on grounds relating to his or her particular situation, to object to processing of personal data concerning him or her by the Scontain GmbH for scientific or historical research purposes, or for statistical purposes pursuant to Article 89(1) of the GDPR, unless the processing is necessary for the performance of a task carried out for reasons of public interest.

  In order to exercise the right to object, the data subject may contact any employee of the Scontain GmbH. In addition, the data subject is free in the context of the use of information society services, and notwithstanding Directive 2002/58/EC, to use his or her right to object by automated means using technical specifications.

• h) Automated individual decision-making, including profiling

  Each data subject shall have the right granted by the European legislator not to be subject to a decision based solely on automated processing, including profiling, which produces legal effects concerning him or her, or similarly significantly affects him or her, as long as the decision (1) is not is necessary for entering into, or the performance of, a contract between the data subject and a data controller, or (2) is not authorised by Union or Member State law to which the controller is subject and which also lays down suitable measures to safeguard the data subject's rights and freedoms and legitimate interests, or (3) is not based on the data subject's explicit consent.

  If the decision (1) is necessary for entering into, or the performance of, a contract between the data subject and a data controller, or (2) it is based on the data subject's explicit consent, the Scontain GmbH shall implement suitable measures to safeguard the data subject's rights and freedoms and legitimate interests, at least the right to obtain human intervention on the part of the controller, to express his or her point of view and contest the decision.

  If the data subject wishes to exercise the rights concerning automated individual decision-making, he or she may, at any time, contact any employee of the Scontain GmbH.

• i) Right to withdraw data protection consent

  Each data subject shall have the right granted by the European legislator to withdraw his or her consent to processing of his or her personal data at any time.

  If the data subject wishes to exercise the right to withdraw the consent, he or she may, at any time, contact any employee of the Scontain GmbH.

7. Data protection for applications and the application procedures

The data controller shall collect and process the personal data of applicants for the purpose of the processing of the application procedure. The processing may also be carried out electronically. This is the case, in particular, if an applicant submits corresponding application documents by e-mail or by means of a web form on the website to the controller. If the data controller concludes an employment contract with an applicant, the submitted data will be stored for the purpose of processing the employment relationship in compliance with legal requirements. If no employment contract is concluded with the applicant by the controller, the application documents shall be automatically erased two months after notification of the refusal decision, provided that no other legitimate interests of the controller are opposed to the erasure. Other legitimate interest in this relation is, e.g. a burden of proof in a procedure under the General Equal Treatment Act (AGG).

8. Data protection provisions about the application and use of LinkedIn

The controller has integrated components of the LinkedIn Corporation on this website. LinkedIn is a web-based social network that enables users with existing business contacts to connect and to make new business contacts. Over 400 million registered people in more than 200 countries use LinkedIn. Thus, LinkedIn is currently the largest platform for business contacts and one of the most visited websites in the world.

The operating company of LinkedIn is LinkedIn Corporation, 2029 Stierlin Court Mountain View, CA 94043, UNITED STATES. For privacy matters outside of the UNITED STATES LinkedIn Ireland, Privacy Policy Issues, Wilton Plaza, Wilton Place, Dublin 2, Ireland, is responsible.

With each call-up to one of the individual pages of this Internet site, which is operated by the controller and on which a LinkedIn component (LinkedIn plug-in) was integrated, the Internet browser on the information technology system of the data subject is automatically prompted to the download of a display of the corresponding LinkedIn component of LinkedIn. Further information about the LinkedIn plug-in may be accessed under https://developer.linkedin.com/plugins. During the course of this technical procedure, LinkedIn gains knowledge of what specific sub-page of our website was visited by the data subject.

If the data subject is logged in at the same time on LinkedIn, LinkedIn detects with every call-up to our website by the data subject—and for the entire duration of their stay on our Internet site—which specific sub-page of our Internet page was visited by the data subject. This information is collected through the LinkedIn component and associated with the respective LinkedIn account of the data subject. If the data subject clicks on one of the LinkedIn buttons integrated on our website, then LinkedIn assigns this information to the personal LinkedIn user account of the data subject and stores the personal data.

LinkedIn receives information via the LinkedIn component that the data subject has visited our website, provided that the data subject is logged in at LinkedIn at the time of the call-up to our website. This occurs regardless of whether the person clicks on the LinkedIn button or not. If such a transmission of information to LinkedIn is not desirable for the data subject, then he or she may prevent this by logging off from their LinkedIn account before a call-up to our website is made.

LinkedIn provides under https://www.linkedin.com/psettings/guest-controls the possibility to unsubscribe from e-mail messages, SMS messages and targeted ads, as well as the ability to manage ad settings. LinkedIn also uses affiliates such as Eire, Google Analytics, BlueKai, DoubleClick, Nielsen, Comscore, Eloqua, and Lotame. The setting of such cookies may be denied under https://www.linkedin.com/legal/cookie-policy. The applicable privacy policy for LinkedIn is available under https://www.linkedin.com/legal/privacy-policy. The LinkedIn Cookie Policy is available under https://www.linkedin.com/legal/cookie-policy.

9. Legal basis for the processing

Art. 6(1) lit. a GDPR serves as the legal basis for processing operations for which we obtain consent for a specific processing purpose. If the processing of personal data is necessary for the performance of a contract to which the data subject is party, as is the case, for example, when processing operations are necessary for the supply of goods or to provide any other service, the processing is based on Article 6(1) lit. b GDPR. The same applies to such processing operations which are necessary for carrying out pre-contractual measures, for example in the case of inquiries concerning our products or services. Is our company subject to a legal obligation by which processing of personal data is required, such as for the fulfillment of tax obligations, the processing is based on Art. 6(1) lit. c GDPR. In rare cases, the processing of personal data may be necessary to protect the vital interests of the data subject or of another natural person. This would be the case, for example, if a visitor were injured in our company and his name, age, health insurance data or other vital information would have to be passed on to a doctor, hospital or other third party. Then the processing would be based on Art. 6(1) lit. d GDPR. Finally, processing operations could be based on Article 6(1) lit. f GDPR. This legal basis is used for processing operations which are not covered by any of the abovementioned legal grounds, if processing is necessary for the purposes of the legitimate interests pursued by our company or by a third party, except where such interests are overridden by the interests or fundamental rights and freedoms of the data subject which require protection of personal data. Such processing operations are particularly permissible because they have been specifically mentioned by the European legislator. He considered that a legitimate interest could be assumed if the data subject is a client of the controller (Recital 47 Sentence 2 GDPR).

10. The legitimate interests pursued by the controller or by a third party

Where the processing of personal data is based on Article 6(1) lit. f GDPR our legitimate interest is to carry out our business in favor of the well-being of all our employees and the shareholders.

11. Period for which the personal data will be stored

The criteria used to determine the period of storage of personal data is the respective statutory retention period. After expiration of that period, the corresponding data is routinely deleted, as long as it is no longer necessary for the fulfillment of the contract or the initiation of a contract.

12. Provision of personal data as statutory or contractual requirement; Requirement necessary to enter into a contract; Obligation of the data subject to provide the personal data; possible consequences of failure to provide such data

We clarify that the provision of personal data is partly required by law (e.g. tax regulations) or can also result from contractual provisions (e.g. information on the contractual partner). Sometimes it may be necessary to conclude a contract that the data subject provides us with personal data, which must subsequently be processed by us. The data subject is, for example, obliged to provide us with personal data when our company signs a contract with him or her. The non-provision of the personal data would have the consequence that the contract with the data subject could not be concluded. Before personal data is provided by the data subject, the data subject must contact any employee. The employee clarifies to the data subject whether the provision of the personal data is required by law or contract or is necessary for the conclusion of the contract, whether there is an obligation to provide the personal data and the consequences of non-provision of the personal data.

13. Existence of automated decision-making

As a responsible company, we do not use automatic decision-making or profiling.

This Privacy Policy has been generated by the Privacy Policy Generator of the DGD - Your External DPO that was developed in cooperation with German Lawyers from WILDE BEUGER SOLMECKE, Cologne.

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